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| 1658 |
| | | For the final years of his life the emperor Shah Jahan is held a prisoner, by his son Aurangzeb, in Agra's Red Fort | |
|  | Agra, Red Fort
Fotofile CG
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| 1668 |
| | | England's East India Company is granted a lease on Bombay by Charles II, who has received it from his Portuguese bride | |
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| 1673 |
| | | The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb begins building the great Badshahi Mosque in Lahore | |
|  | Lahore, Badshahi Mosque
Fotofile CG
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| c. 1690 |
| | | France by now has six fortified trading settlements around the coast of India, of which Pondicherry is the most important | |
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| 1696 |
| | | Fort St William is built by the East India Company in the Ganges delta, and subsequently develops into Calcutta | |
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| 1707 |
| | | The death of Aurangzeb introduces the long period of decline of the Mughal empire | |
|  | Aurangzeb
Fotofile CG
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| 1739 |
| | | The Persian ruler Nadir Shah enters Delhi and removes much of the accumulated treasure of the Mughal empire | |
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| 1751 |
| | | Robert Clive prevails over the French after holding out during the seven-week siege of Arcot in southern India | |
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| 1756 |
| | | 122 people die after being locked overnight in a small room in Calcutta, in an incident that becomes known as the Black Hole of Calcutta | |
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| 1757 |
| | | Robert Clive defeats the nawab of Bengal at the battle of Plassey, and places his own man on the throne | |
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